This is, as at the relevant date, the larger of the sum of long positions or the sum of short positions giving rise to foreign exchange risk, as determined in accordance with relevant prudential standards.This item represents the following:(a) the net spot position, i.e. all asset items less all liability items, including accrued interest and other accrued income and accrued expenses, denominated in the currency in question; (b) the net forward position, i.e. all amounts to be received less all amounts to be paid under forward foreign exchange transactions, including currency futures, the principal on currency swaps not included in the spot position, and interest rate transactions such as futures and swaps denominated in a foreign currency; This amount should represent the value of positions at current spot market exchange rates or using net present values;(c) guarantees (and similar instruments) that are certain to be called and likely to be irrecoverable; and (d) any other item representing a profit or loss in foreign currencies. For the purposes of this item:- include unearned but expected future interest and anticipated expenses if the amounts are certain and the reporting party has hedged them; and- exclude any structural positions, where permitted by the relevant prudential standards.